Monday, January 20, 2020
Comparing Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and
Individuality and Transcendence in Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Joyce             The development of the scientific method started a revolution in thought      that changed how people viewed the world. Scientists tested theories by      creating experiments and carefully observing the results. The importance      of scientific discoveries raised questions about the role of the observer.      According to Ralph Koster, the importance of observation in science led to      the rise of the individual and an awareness of subjectivity. Society      realized that the individual could determine the outcome of an experiment      and that people could interpret events differently depending on prior      experience.       In addition to changing the role of the individual, science also changed      people's views on religion. By contemplating experimental results,      scientists created rules for how the universe operated. Nature became a      knowable force that scientists described in a logical collection of laws.      Thus, science took away much of the world's mystery and changed how people      viewed God. If the universe operated by rules, it wasn't necessary for God      to be involved every moment. God became a clockmaker who started the      universe and sat back to let it run.       The rise of individuality and changing views on religion resulted in      insecurity and isolation. Before the Romantic era, achieving oneness was      often thought of as an act of grace given in mysterious moments. God was      ineffable, but just. Because science encouraged the clockmaker view of ... ...nity. He embraces it all in a unique      vision. Amazingly, in this total embrace, he recovers mystery lost in      modern civilization.        Works Cited       Joyce, James. "The Dead." The Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed.      M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton, 2000. 2240-68.       Koster, Ralph. "Seeking the Beyond" 29 March 3003.      http://www.legendmud.org/Ralph/papers/transcendence.html       Wordsworth, William. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads." The Norton Anthology      English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton, 2000. 238-50       Wordsworth, William. "Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey." The      Norton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: WW Norton,      2000. 235-237.     Â
Sunday, January 12, 2020
As Psychology Locus of Control Essay
Discuss the role of locus of control on independent behaviour. (12 marks) Locus of control refers to a person’s perception of personal control over their own behaviour. There are two types of locus of control; internal and external. Internal locus of control occurs when individuals feel they are in control of their behaviour and are responsible for their actions. External locus of control occurs when individuals feel their behaviour is controlled by external forces (e. g. luck or fate) and they are not responsible for their own actions. Those with internal locus of control are more likely to show independent behaviour and resist the pressures to conform or obey whereas those with external locus of control are more likely to obey and conform. High internals do not rely on the opinions of others. They are better able to resist coercion and are more achievement-orientated. High internal locus of control has been linked to leadership and individuals with high internal locus of control are more likely to become entrepreneurs. Anderson and Schneier found that group members possessing an internal locus of control were more likely to emerge as leaders in their groups. This may be because individuals who take responsibility for their own actions feel that they can cause changes in their environment, including the behaviour of those around them. There is lots of research evidence to support locus of control. Oliner and Oliner found that people who had gone against the majority and protected the Jews from the Nazis tended to score higher on measures of internal locus of control. This means they believed they had influence over events in their life including success and failures. It may be this that made them independent. Also, Elms and Milgram found that the people that were disobedient in Milgram’s study of obedience shows higher internal locus of control and social responsibility. Avtigis did a meta-analysis of studies investigating the relationship between locus of control and conformity and found high scores of external locus of control were more likely to conform than those with a low score. The average correlation between locus of control and conformity was 0. 37. This suggests that there are higher rates of conformity shown in external locus of control when compared to internal locus of control. There are a number of problems with using a meta-analysis. The studies are secondary data that the researcher has compiled. This means the study could suffer from researcher bias as they may have only found studies that supported their view. Also, as the study is correlational, cause and effect cannot be established. It does not comment on why there is a link or which factors were most important it only states that there is a relationship between the two variables. However, as the data is secondary data there are no ethical issues linked to the use of a meta-analysis to study the patterns between locus of control and conformity. On the other hand, Williams and Warchal gave 30 students a range of conformity tasks based on Asch’s study and assessed them using the Rotter’s locus of control scale. They found that those who conformed were the least assertive but did not score differently on the locus of control scale. This suggests that assertion may be more important in conformity than locus of control. There are also research studies that suggest that independent behaviour can be fostered or encouraged through modelling. Nemeth and Chiles found that those who had been exposed to a minority (four participants, one confederate) who gave a different answer were more likely to stand their ground and defy the majority in the second part of the experiment when they became a minority (four confederates, one participant). This study implies that exposure to a model of independent behaviour can influence the individual’s ability to stand firm against the majority and resist the group pressure to conform. However, there are problems with research into locus of control. Many of the studies that support locus of control are carried out in laboratories. This means they lack ecological validity and the results may not be applicable to real life situations. Also, demand characteristics may be present. The participant may have guessed the aim of the experiment and acted accordingly to fit the results they assume the researcher wanted. Also, it is difficult to measure personality. The use of questionnaires could mean that the studies suffer from social desirability bias as people may have altered their answers to appear more normal or to fit with what they assume the researcher wanted. Lastly, situational factors may be more important as personality is not always consistent. McGuire found that conforming behaviour differed across situations. If conformists and independents are not consistent in their behaviour it is hard to conclude that it is their personality that solely affects their choice whether or not to conform. Situational factors may influence behaviour too as they tend to conform in certain situations but not in others.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Transgender Students At High Education Essay - 852 Words
It is difficult, if not impossible, to quantify transgender students in higher education across the nation. In a national Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education (NASPA) and Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH) survey of a random sample of 21,686 college students in 2010, .1% (n=29) identified their gender as transgender, and .3% (n=57) identified as â€Å"other†(Effrig, Bieschke, Locke, 2011). Though this provides some useful insight regarding the number of transgender students on campuses nationally, the sample was not representative and so the results cannot be extrapolated to accurately reflect the total number of transgender students in the U.S. Despite the lack of population statistics, transgender students are gaining increasing attention among researchers, policy makers, and institutional leaders because of their unique challenges, experiences, and identities (Bilodeau Renn, 2005; Effrig et al., 2011; Krum, Davis, Galupo, 2013). In this paper, I will define and use the term â€Å"transgender†according to how it has been described by Bilodeau (2005) and Bilodeau and Renn (2005). Traditionally gendered (or cisgendered) individuals are those whose biological sex at birth aligns with their male or female gender identity and behaviors. Conversely, transgendered (also referred to in this paper as trans) individuals’ gender identity or gender expression is incongruent with their biological sex and/or societal expectations. â€Å"Transgender†serves as a sort ofShow MoreRelatedTransgender Kids and Their Right to Choose to Go to Any Bathroom They Please1810 Words  | 7 Pagescenters around the heated debate over whether Transgender kids should be able to choose what restroom they would like to use based solely on their gender identity. Breaking new ground and blazing new trails to create equality for all is the state of California. Democratic Governor, Jerry Brown, signed Assembly Bill No. 1266 (known as AB1266), which was an act to amend Section 221.5 of the Education Code, relating to pupil rights. The new law gives all students the right â€Å"to participate in sex-segregatedRead MoreWhat Was The Aftermath Of The Provision? After Ab12661648 Words  | 7 PagesWhat was the aftermath of the provision? After AB1266 was implemented into law after January 1, 2014, this led to huge backlash against the law by private institutions and through petitions. Privacy for All Students a coalition of churches, religious groups, and members who wanted to repeal gay marriage tried to repeal the law in late 2013 and they gathered well over 600,000 signatures which is much more than the required 504,760 signatures needed for a referendum (Schrank). On the other hand, theseRead MorePaper1299 Words  | 6 PagesA School Nurse’s Role with LGBTQ+ Youth: Making a Lifetime Impact Students who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ+) are at high risk for bullying, relationship violence and sexually transmitted infections (STI’s). They are often afraid to speak up for themselves because of prior or anticipated discrimination (Cornelius Whitaker-Brown, 2017). This paper reviews the literature related to risk factors and health care of LGBTQ+ youth, discussesRead MoreSchools Should Recognize Transgender Identities1112 Words  | 5 PagesSchools Should Recognize Transgender Identities Transgender students all across the United States are struggling as they try to fit in at their school. A â€Å"Transgender†, or â€Å"Trans†individual is someone â€Å"whose gender is different from the ones they were know as at birth. They may identify as male or female, or they feel that neither gender fits them†(â€Å"What Does Transgender Mean†). As transgender awareness is becoming more known to the public, their issues are becoming more and more obvious. SchoolsRead MoreTransgender Student Inclusion : Single Sex Colleges917 Words  | 4 PagesTransgender student inclusion Single sex Colleges in the United States are asking one difficult question, should transgender students be allowed to attend their schools despite identifying with another gender or being born the opposite sex? Same sex colleges are arguing among themselves over how same sex colleges, as a whole should treat these students. All female colleges were created in the support of giving education to females who were unwelcomed in higher education. To give the so called, â€Å"lesserRead MoreHostility Towards Transgender Students1090 Words  | 4 Pagesare those categorized as transgender. These people are very often the subject of intense scrutiny, discrimination, ostracism, verbal harassment and even physical assault. These responses to a transgendered person often stems from a lack of understanding, confusion, fear, and anxiety when interacting with these people. In order to understand why people are so unsettled when in the presence of a transgender individual, it is essential to fully understand the term transgender. The American PsychologicalRead MoreTransgender Students Face Discrimination On A Daily Basis1373 Words  | 6 PagesTransgender students face discrimination on a daily basis. The schools should be a safe place for students but, unfortunately, teachers, administers, and others students pass judgment, bully, and isolate them. The ignorance displayed in many parts of the United States towards the Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBT community have made their daily entrance, but they still have a difficult sometimes because of their gender. There are schools that discriminate and schools that do not discriminateRead MoreMale And Female Bathrooms Are The Standard Form Of Bathrooms Essay1413 Words  | 6 PagesStated of America schools. Today, some students are revealing that they are either lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. The National Center for Transgender Equality (2014) defines transgender as a term for people whose gender identity, expression or behavior is di fferent from those typically associated with their assigned sex at birth. Due to the students revealing their gender identity, several schools had to address some controversies. The Transgender people were having a difficult time accessingRead MoreJoe Is A Fifteen-Year-Old Boy Whom Is In The Process Of1614 Words  | 7 Pagessomeone going through the non-passing phase of transitioning into a transgender individual. Lately, there has been heavy discussion on the rights of transgender individuals to use public facilities. These thoughts and conversations have been bubbling in the past few months since President Trump took office in January. Gender-neutral restrooms is a large topic discussed in society today. My research project is going to discuss the transgender community and gender queer individuals that struggle with genderRead MoreBullying Is Defined As Written, Verbal And Physical Conduct1374 Words  | 6 PagesAccording to GLSEN, bullying is defined as written, verbal or physical conduct that adversely affects the ability of one or more students to participate in or benefit from the school’s educational programs or activities by placing the student or students in reasonable fear of physical harm (glsen.org). This includes conduct that is based on a student’s actual or perceived race, color, national origin, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, religion or any other distinguishing
Thursday, December 26, 2019
What Values I Learned From My Family - 853 Words
Growing up with my cultural views gave me access to several important values I learned from my family. These values are very important to me, as they have shaped who I am today. The three most important values for me would be: to be honest, to be myself, and to be respectful. Each value has taught me different perspectives, abilities and given me different qualities. All three values are very important to me, however the most important one would have to be, being honest not just with others but being honest to myself. Everything depends on honesty. If friends, peers, or co-workers aren’t being honest with us, we can not trust the person, which leads to not being able to build relationships with one another. If people are not able to build relationships with another human, then the person will not be able to interact with a society. Lies will often hurt those who you told them to. Being honest has shaped by own perspectives because I want people to trust me and I want people to be honest with me as well. This will lead to building relationships with many other people. The next value I learned from my family is to be myself. This means I should stick to my own values and to do what makes me happy and not to be swayed by peer pressure. This value has been shaped by my culture and experiences because my parents have given me freedom to do what I want to do. My family did not force me to go to a certain school or to get a certain degree to be just like them, instead my familyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Family Values507 Words  | 3 Pagesone is taught values by their families that they feel are important for their child to have. I believe that family values consist of certain actions and qualities that are important to a family to uphold. Values that are important in my family are honesty, trust and to have respect for others. Each of these values is equally important in my family. They played a big role into making me the person I am now. Growing up in my family taught me that honesty is the best policy. When I would get intoRead MoreThe Core Values Of A Christian Family1012 Words  | 5 Pages Throughout my entire life, it seemed as though everything was centered around my family’s collective core morals and an unwritten ethic code instilled in me as I grew up. My family’s principles remain a major part of my life, especially as I begin the transition to independence in the adult world. Considering my family has always been one of the most important things to me, I have always placed value on what I have learned from them and where we come from. My big, small-town family gave me a senseRead MoreAnalysis Of Kenneth V. Hardy And Tracey A. Laszloffy1401 Words  | 6 PagesDiversity is something that I have always valued; it gives one the opportunity to get to know an individual with a different perspective. After conducting my interviews I had the opportunity to get to learn more about my family and I in terms of culture. Kenneth V. Hardy and Tracey A. Laszloffy (1995), explained that one does not become conscious of actions, thoughts, or biases until they are processed intellectually, which is what this assignment allowed for. With that said, I will discuss and identifyRead MoreCultural Values1541 Words  | 7 PagesCultural values, personal ethics, and morality are all topics that usually have a different meaning for every individual. My personal ethics, morality, and cultural values have developed throughout the many life lessons that I have learned in my 29 years of life. I can still remember a specific Saturday afternoon at my grandparents house. I was sitting on my grandpas lap watching the Dodger game. In between innings my grandfather asked me the question, Aaron it is time you learn about values andRead MoreMy Family Essay1545 Words  | 7 Pagesidea of family and the values attached to it have helped shape my life in many ways. I am very close with who I co nsider my family and the meaning of this could differ from person to person. To me, family consists of people who you love, trust and care for. I also consider some of my friends and teammates in this category as well. Family and friends, sports, and my health are the main components of my life. These subcultures have helped define my life and have shaped me into the person I am todayRead MoreWhat I Learned Change Is The Hallmark Of A Leader1000 Words  | 4 PagesI have always known I love change, but from this class, I learned change is the hallmark of a leader. As John C. Maxwell says in The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, â€Å"Growth = Change.†The leadership assessments allowed me to understand myself in a new way. Because I am a curious green thinker, I need explanations and answers to understand my world. I tend to see the big picture of a project and my mind motivates me toward something new or improved. I am curious about new opportunities because IRead Mor eEvery Individual Has His Or Her Own Identity. People’S1328 Words  | 6 Pagesthis paper I am going to discuss about my belief in regards to gender, gender roles, race, sexuality, and social class. I will also discuss about the different experiences I had encountered in life that has determined my beliefs and my values. I grew up in Guatemala in a small town name Monjas. As I was growing up, I did not know much about other people’s cultures; I only knew people with the same race and the same culture as mine. Then, I decided to immigrate to the United States when I was 16 yearsRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills1614 Words  | 7 Pagesa way to solve current important issues. â€Å"Mills referred to people’s experiences within a specific historical setting, which gives them their orientations to life†(Henslin, p. 3) .Basically Mills is saying that the effects of historical change are what determines an individual’s position or direction in their life. People frequently take the effects of historical change and social movements too lightly; they do not think about how the historical change and social change affects their well-being andRead MoreWhy I Didn t Get Up With My Friends? Essay826 Words  | 4 Pagesthing as free will. I learned this when I didn’t have a say in when, where, and why my parents were taking me away. I was twelve at the time my parents wanted to take me away. All I want to do is go play outside and hang out with my friends. All I would hear about this country were horrible experiences my mom had been through. I didn’t think any of them were true. When I was twelve I traveled to Ecuador where I learned the struggles, language, customs, and values of my family. I didn’t want to travelRead MoreSocialization : The Ever Evolving Journey919 Words  | 4 PagesSocialization: The ever-evolving journey I grew up in Idaho. Many people know Idaho for two things: Potatoes and Mormons. There are a lot of jokes about Mormons in the media, but to my surprise, many people have never even met a Mormon. I grew up with a lot of Mormons. Many of my friends in school were Mormon. Caffeine free drinks were the norm, and seeing five different Mormon churches while driving down the road was even more normal. Mormons, oddly enough, contributed to my socialization. According to You
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
The Honor Code System Is It Only A Void - 944 Words
Where Honor Should Be, in Rockhurst There is Only a Void. The honor code is a set of rules used by high schools and colleges to prevent the students from cheating, stealing and plagiarizing. The honor code puts the responsibility of maintaining academic integrity on the student’s shoulders instead of those of the faculty. Ideally, this code works well because the students are trusted, monitored and held accountable by their peers. Unfortunately, in reality the honor code is not successful and can actually allow for more cheating. Rockhurst High school is better at preventing misconduct than the honor code by enforcing stricter policies on the students. The honor code is not necessary at Rockhurst High School and should no longer be implemented. The honor code system basically tells students that is up to them to decide whether it is acceptable to cheat or not. Although, most people would hope that the students at Rockhurst possess enough integrity to know that cheating is wrong, it only takes a few â€Å"cheater-types†to undermine the â€Å"honest-types†.(Source C) As Rutgers University professor Donald McCabe said â€Å"honor codes don’t always work. Their success depends on a culture of academic integrity†. The students need to have an expectation that cheating is not tolerated by their peers. However, many students see High School as an obstacle to overcome. Trivial acts like unpermitted collaboration and subtle plagiarism are seen as acceptable and necessary to succeed. TheShow MoreRelatedInternational Nursing Ethics1550 Words  | 6 Pagesparticipate in the photo activity and competition. The scenario flagrantly voids international nursing ethics, in general, and Australian nursing ethics in particular for countless reasons. In fact, it voids the very essence of nursing which is care and respect for the patient. Nurses are supposed to take great pains with ensuring patient privacy and with according them respect and honor. Two of the key principles in the Nursing Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia are the following: Nurses valueRead MoreThe Russian Mafia1515 Words  | 7 Pagesstructure and whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities (FBI). The Bratva falls under this definition with one of its many groups, the Vory v Zakone , which translates to Thieves-in-law . They are bound by a code of honor in which states that one is not to make a living on anything other than thievery, complete submission to the laws of criminal life, including obligations to support the criminal ideal and refusal to participate in all political activities (Omics)Read MoreThe Existence Of Hemingway s Code Hero1639 Words  | 7 PagesHemingway’s â€Å"Code Hero†was first explored in 1952 by Hemingway expert Philip Young in his book Ernest Hemingway (Later revised in 1962 as Ernest Hemingway: A Reconsideration). Hemingway himself defines the Code Hero as â€Å"a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaoti c, often stressful, and always painful†. Ultimately the Code Hero will lose because even heroes are mortal, but the true measure of a man is how they face death. The Code HeroRead MoreGod Is Necessary For Human Existence1079 Words  | 5 PagesManu Patil Mr. Kadar Honors English III, Period 3 2 November 2015 Since early times, humans have attempted addressing issues such as, our instinct to survive, curiosity to know beyond themselves, fear of the unknown, pursuit of happiness, etc. Early Mesopotamian societies attempted to answer questions such as Who are we?, Where are we?, How did we get here? Many of those questions were driven by their instinct to survive, interaction with the nature around, fear of the known and unknown threateningRead MoreThe Dangers Of The Moral Relativism Concept1322 Words  | 6 Pagesas to say that every human on the planet has, to some extent, a unique moral code. Even those that hold to a particular pattern, like the Bible or other moral code, often find moral differences between individuals and even organizations. THE DANGERS OF MORAL RELATIVISM I believe it to be more dangerous to hold to moral relativism as a value, moral, or belief than that there are differences in any particular value system. The fact that a tribe in Africa sees life differently than I do is less dangerousRead More The Abolition of Man by C.S. Lewis Essay1198 Words  | 5 Pagesthe common      sense of the subject, brilliantly encapsulating the Western natural law      tradition in all its Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian glory. Interestingly,      Lewis defense of objective morality here resonates not only with ideas      from the giants of Western thought (including Plato, Aristotle, Augustine,      and Aquinas), but also draws on the wisdom of the East, including Confucius and the sages of Hinduism.       In The Abolition ofRead MoreIntroduction.Our Case Study Opens Painting A Picture Of1738 Words  | 7 Pagesgiving him the rights to will his portion to Andrew. Therefore, I would advise Martin that the survivorship agreement is still intact, making him the last surviving tenant, however, Andrew’s portion that was bequeathed to him by his father would be void in my opinion and therefore, the foreclosure should be argued based on Peter was not a legal owner (Conway,2008). Additionally, Martin mentions that he has not been to the property in 20 years, and when he decided to drive up to the mountain to enjoyRead MoreThe Insider Analysis1517 Words  | 7 Pagesseen in years. Bergman protests, You pay me to go get guys like Wigand, to draw him out. To get him to trust us, to get him to go television. I do. I deliver him. He sits. He talks. He violates his own FÂ…Â…..g confidentiality agreement. And hes the only key witness in the biggest public health reform issue, maybe the biggest, most expensive corporate malfeasance case in US historyÂ…. Are we gonna air it? Of course not. Why? Because hes not telling the truth. Thats why were not going to air it.Read MoreMusic In Film F14 Syllabus2373 Words  | 10 Pageswill have a brief timed period to complete the quiz available on Blackboard. https://elearn.uta.edu/ Each quiz may be taken only once. Results of the quizzes will be available on Blackboard following the deadline. Although the instructor encourages the viewing of films in groups, the quizzes and exams must be completed individually, in accordance with the UT Arlington Honor Code. 3 Exams and Final Exam. Exams will include questions about the assigned films, readings, and lectures. Exams will also containRead MoreComputer Science And Engineering, Amity University, Noida Essay2581 Words  | 11 Pagesimmensely in carrying out the work well within the given time limits. CONTENTS â ¦ Introduction of java â ¦ History of java â ¦ Java virtual machine â ¦ Development process with java â ¦ Garbage collector â ¦ Classpath â ¦ Making of java program â ¦ Writing source code of java program â ¦ Compilation of java program â ¦ Running a java program â ¦ Java types â ¦ Package â ¦ Class â ¦ Object â ¦ Inheritance â ¦ Interfaces â ¦ Program for some calculation of four integer â ¦ Data types, Variables and Arrays â ¦ Online Shopping Management
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Carbon Tax is Best Solution For Climate Change
Question: Write about theCarbon Tax is Best Solution For Climate Change. Answer: Thesis statement: Imposition of carbon tax is the best solution for climate change Carbon tax is a type of fees that is imposed on the pollutants that cause greenhouse gas pollution. This arises mostly from the burning of fossil fuels. In order to reduce global warming and restrict emission of green house gases, a monetary price is imposed upon them. One of the major green house gases that has caused various environmental problems is carbon dioxide. Carbon tax is one of the strategies under carbon pricing policy that imposes a certain amount of tax at a specific rate per ton of the carbon dioxide emitted in to the environment. The other way round is by imposing taxes on all the various sources of fossil fuels in proportion to the quantity of carbon level in them. The major objective behind imposing carbon tax is to improve the environment and prevent any further damages. The carbon emissions have caused serious environmental issues. Therefore, researchers have estimated a monetary value for the emission of carbon dioxide in order to prevent further environmental damages. Carbon tax is thus an attempt to control the emissions of carbon in the atmosphere by pricing carbon and prevent any further environmental damages. However, there have been many problems associated with the implementation of the carbon tax policy. Carbon tax accounts for almost 85% of the energy used worldwide. Around 85% of the energy comes from the fossil fuels. While only 15% of energy comes from hydro power, nuclear power, biofuels, solar energy and wind energy and there are very few sites where building dams for generation of hydro electricity is possible while the nuclear plants face various political issues. On the other hand, Vera Sauma (2015) stated that carbon taxes might encourage the development of hydro power and nuclear power. For example, the government can invest more in the generation of green electricity and provide it at subsidized rate by utilizing the revenues from carbon tax. This shall result in the reduction of environmental damages and increase in the use of renewable sources of energy. A few scholars have argued that focusing on the aspect of Benefit Certainty is is more necessary as it emphasizes on the environmental aspect instead of economic aspect (Ploeg Withagen, 2014). For example, implementation of carbon tax shall motivate the development of renewable resources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen engines and many more. Nevertheless, although implementation of carbon tax could result in some negative effects but there is not enough evidence to support the fact. In accordance with the fast climatic changes and the increase in the popularity and acceptance of the carbon tax strategy, it can be stated that it is necessary to implement carbon tax on a global level. Thus, it can be summarized that the implementation of carbon tax shall encourage various firms to develop other alternatives. Some studies have shown that imposition of carbon tax has led to the reduction of green house gas emissions up to 15% (Hoberg Meadowcroft, 2015). Next in terms of economy, the increased burden of this tax might discourage the producers to continue their production in the same country. According to Parry (2015), this can encourage the producers to move to some other country where the carbon taxes are absent or comparatively lower. The shifting of the producers may adversely affect the economy of the country. This might also encourage the firms to keep their actual amount of carbon emission hidden from the government (Martin, De Preux Wagner, 2014). The implementation of carbon tax has also led to the shift from carbon intensive firms, toward information and service industry. Carbon tax would result in increase in the costs of goods and services as the production costs would tend to rise. This price hike would reduce the purchasing power of the households and hence reducing their real wages. The concept of providing rebate on the other taxes due to implementation of carbon tax seems to be a vague concept as it has been proved t hat once a tax has been imposed, they are never removed. There are arguments regarding tax swaps to reduce the income tax in order to implement carbon tax. It might sound good theoretically but practically it is not feasible. In case of the cap and trade policy, it becomes easy to track the amount of carbon emissions in the environment (Goulder Schein, 2013). On the other hand, Murray, Pizer Reichert (2016) have stated that the implementation of carbon tax is more efficient as it enables the government to generate revenues that can be utilized in developing the alternatives in order to repair the damages caused by carbon emission. For example, the revenue generated from the carbon tax has helped the government in reducing the deficits that would reduce the total cost of the taxes to the economy (Rezai Van der Ploeg, 2016). This could have a positive impact on the economy in the long-run. This revenue could even encourage the government to cut down marginal tax rates. This would allow the government to help the selected groups that are highly affected by taxes. This could lead to equilibrium in the economy. Many economists have stated that the falling emissions lead to a stable economy. Elgie and McClay have compared the green house gas emissions, per-capita fuel consumption and the gross domestic product in Canada (Elgie McClay, 2013). A sharp decline of around 19% in the fuel consumption has been observed after four years of implementation of the carbon tax policy. Nevertheless, although carbon tax seems to be a burden on the households but a uniform rate of carbon tax has the potentiality to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions to a large extent. However, the carbon tax policy is more effective than the cap and trade policy as under the cap and trade policy, the government often tends to issue pollution credits falling under the pressure of influential heavy industries. This proves the superiority of the carbon tax policy over the cap and trade policy. For example, carbon tax allows the government to reduce taxes through the policy of tax swaps. The revenue generated from the carbon tax has the capability of reducing the income tax rates. The carbon tax can also be used to pay the federal debt. These revenues can also be used to pay some lump-sum amount of dividends to the households. The revenue generated from the carbon tax can be utilized for research and development of the renewable sources of energy. Carbon tax can be very useful in improv ing the overall economy of a country. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the carbon tax policy is capable of reducing the adverse impacts of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Carbon tax allows the government to generate revenues, which it can utilize in repairing the environmental damages and prevent any further damages. Implementation of carbon tax shall compel the firms to reduce their carbon emissions and use more renewable resources. Being a negative externality, the social cost of the carbon intensive industries become more than its private costs. The major objective of carbon tax is to internalize the externalities (Weitzman, 2014). The reason behind this is that a person due to whom environment is affected shall be responsible for paying the social costs of his activities. However, to achieve revenue neutral, rebates must be provided on the other taxes in order to reduce the burden of taxation. Though it is difficult to implement carbon tax, it is suggested to implement this tax in order to lower the adverse effect of carbon emissions on the environment and to prevent any further damages as this shall lead to sustainable development. References: Elgie, S., McClay, J. (2013). Policy Commentary/Commentaire BCs carbon tax shift is working well after four years (attention Ottawa).Canadian Public Policy,39(Supplement 2), S1-S10. Goulder, L. H., Schein, A. (2013).Carbon taxes vs. cap and trade: A critical review(No. w19338). National Bureau of Economic Research. Hoberg, G., Meadowcroft, J. (2015). Climate action: carbon pricing is an essential first step: this article is excerpted from Acting on Climate Change: Solutions by Canadian Scholars, Catherine Potvin et al, a position paper by the UNESCO-McGill Chair for Dialogues on Sustainability (March 2015).Alternatives Journal,41(1), 58-61. Martin, R., De Preux, L. B., Wagner, U. J. (2014). The impact of a carbon tax on manufacturing: Evidence from microdata.Journal of Public Economics,117, 1-14. Murray, B., Pizer, W. A., Reichert, C. (2016). Increasing Emissions Certainty under a Carbon Tax. Parry, I. (2015). Carbon Tax Burdens on Low-Income Households: A Reason for Delaying Climate Policy?. Ploeg, F., Withagen, C. (2014). Growth, renewables, and the optimal carbon tax.International Economic Review,55(1), 283-311. Rezai, A., Van der Ploeg, F. (2016). Intergenerational inequality aversion, growth, and the role of damages: Occams rule for the global carbon tax.Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists,3(2), 493-522. Vera, S., Sauma, E. (2015). Does a carbon tax make sense in countries with still a high potential for energy efficiency? Comparison between the reducing-emissions effects of carbon tax and energy efficiency measures in the Chilean case.Energy,88, 478-488. Weitzman, M. L. (2014). Can negotiating a uniform carbon price help to internalize the global warming externality?.Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists,1(1/2), 29-49.
Monday, December 2, 2019
Tows Matrix free essay sample
Matrix is an important matching tool that helps managers develop four types of strategies: SO Strategies, WO Strategies, ST Strategies, and WT Strategies. TOWS Matrix could be applied to the development of tactics necessary to implement the strategies, and to more specific actions supportive of tactics. SO Strategies SO Strategies use a firms internal strengths to take advantage of external opportunities. All managers would like their organizations to be in a position where internal strengths can be used to take advantage of external trends and events. For example, Mercedes Benz, with the technical know-how and the quality image (strength), can take advantage of the external demand for luxury cars (opportunity) by an increasingly affluent public. WO Strategies WO Strategies aim at improving internal weaknesses by taking advantage of external opportunities. Sometimes key external opportunities exist, but a firm has internal weaknesses may prevent it from exploiting those opportunities. For example, an auto accessory company with a great demand for electronic devices (opportunity) to control the amount and timing of fuel injection in automobile engine, may lack the technology required for producing these devices (weakness). We will write a custom essay sample on Tows Matrix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One possible strategy would be to acquire this technology through cooperation with a firm having competency in this field. ST Strategies ST Strategies use a firms strengths to avoid or reduce the impact of external threats. For example, amazon. com an online market place for individuals and businesses across the world is trying to use their strong customer service (strength) to handle customer complaints and concerns on the confidentiality of the customers transactions on the site in order to reduce negative publicity (threat), about problems the company is having with its systems. WT Strategies WT Strategies are defensive tactics directed at reducing internal weaknesses and avoiding environmental threats. For example, a tobacco company may seek ownership and increased control over suppliers through backward integration to overcome the lack of cash outlay which is required on the front end for raw tobacco (weakness) and high bargaining of suppliers power. (threat)
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